Quran Verses about Prayer times
The Quran states that prayer is an obligation prescribed for the believers at fixed times, and commands that all prayers be guarded, especially the middle prayer. According to Tafsir al-Jalalayn and al-Mukhtasar, several verses name the times: the two ends of the day and the early part of the night, from the sun's decline until the darkness of night, and dawn, before sunrise and before sunset. There is also a warning for those so heedless that their prayer slips past its time.
Prayer is prescribed at fixed times
حَٰفِظُواْ عَلَى ٱلصَّلَوَٰتِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱلۡوُسۡطَىٰ وَقُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَٰنِتِينَ ٢٣٨
Ḥāfiẓū ʿalaṣ-ṣalawāti waṣ-ṣalātil-wusṭā wa qūmū lillāhi qānitīn.
Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle [i.e., ʿaṣr] prayer and stand before Allāh, devoutly obedient.
فَإِذَا قَضَيۡتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ قِيَٰمٗا وَقُعُودٗا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِكُمۡۚ فَإِذَا ٱطۡمَأۡنَنتُمۡ فَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَۚ إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتۡ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ كِتَٰبٗا مَّوۡقُوتٗا ١٠٣
Fa idhā qaḍaytumuṣ-ṣalāta fadhkurullāha qiyāmaw wa quʿūdaw wa ʿalā junūbikum, fa idhaṭmaʾnantum fa aqīmuṣ-ṣalāh, innaṣ-ṣalāta kānat ʿalal-muʾminīna kitābam mawqūtā.
And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allāh standing, sitting, or [lying] on your sides. But when you become secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
The times of the five prayers
وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ طَرَفَيِ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَزُلَفٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِۚ إِنَّ ٱلۡحَسَنَٰتِ يُذۡهِبۡنَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِۚ ذَٰلِكَ ذِكۡرَىٰ لِلذَّٰكِرِينَ ١١٤
Wa aqimiṣ-ṣalāta ṭarafayin-nahāri wa zulafam minal-layl, innal-ḥasanāti yudhhibnas-sayyiʾāt, dhālika dhikrā lidh-dhākirīn.
And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds. That is a reminder for those who remember.
أَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ إِلَىٰ غَسَقِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَقُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِۖ إِنَّ قُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ كَانَ مَشۡهُودٗا ٧٨
Aqimiṣ-ṣalāta lidulūkish-shamsi ilā ghasaqil-layli wa qurʾānal-fajr, inna qurʾānal-fajri kāna mashhūdā.
Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night1 and [also] the Qur’ān [i.e., recitation] of dawn.2 Indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed.
Footnotes (2)
- i.e., the period which includes the ẓuhr, aṣr, maghrib, and ʿishā’ prayers.
- i.e., the fajr prayer, in which the recitation of the Qur’ān is prolonged.
فَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ قَبۡلَ طُلُوعِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ وَقَبۡلَ غُرُوبِهَاۖ وَمِنۡ ءَانَآيِٕ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡ وَأَطۡرَافَ ٱلنَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرۡضَىٰ ١٣٠
Faṣbir ʿalā mā yaqūlūna wa sabbiḥ biḥamdi rabbika qabla ṭulūʿish-shamsi wa qabla ghurūbihā, wa min ānāʾil-layli fasabbiḥ wa aṭrāfan-nahāri laʿallaka tarḍā.
So be patient over what they say and exalt [Allāh] with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting; and during periods of the night [exalt Him] and at the ends of the day, that you may be satisfied.
فَسُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ حِينَ تُمۡسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصۡبِحُونَ ١٧
Fasubḥānallāhi ḥīna tumsūna wa ḥīna tuṣbiḥūn.
So exalted is Allāh when you reach the evening and when you reach the morning.
وَلَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَعَشِيّٗا وَحِينَ تُظۡهِرُونَ ١٨
Wa lahul-ḥamdu fis-samāwāti wal-arḍi wa ʿashiyyaw wa ḥīna tuẓhirūn.
And to Him is [due all] praise throughout the heavens and the earth. And [exalted is He] at night and when you are at noon.
فَٱصۡبِرۡ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ بِٱلۡعَشِيِّ وَٱلۡإِبۡكَٰرِ ٥٥
Faṣbir inna waʿdallāhi ḥaqquw wastaghfir lidhanbika wa sabbiḥ biḥamdi rabbika bil-ʿashiyyi wal-ibkār.
So be patient, [O Muḥammad]. Indeed, the promise of Allāh is truth. And ask forgiveness for your sin1 and exalt [Allāh] with praise of your Lord in the evening and the morning.
Footnotes (1)
- What is intended is "fault" or "error" in judgement, since all prophets were protected by Allāh from falling into sin. The implication is that all believers should seek forgiveness for their sins.
فَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ قَبۡلَ طُلُوعِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ وَقَبۡلَ ٱلۡغُرُوبِ ٣٩
Faṣbir ʿalā mā yaqūlūna wa sabbiḥ biḥamdi rabbika qabla ṭulūʿish-shamsi wa qablal-ghurūb.
So be patient, [O Muḥammad], over what they say and exalt [Allāh] with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting,
وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡهُ وَأَدۡبَٰرَ ٱلسُّجُودِ ٤٠
Wa minal-layli fasabbiḥhu wa adbāras-sujūd.
And [in part] of the night exalt Him and after prostration [i.e., prayer].
وَٱصۡبِرۡ لِحُكۡمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعۡيُنِنَاۖ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ ٤٨
Waṣbir liḥukmi rabbika fa innaka biʾaʿyuninā, wa sabbiḥ biḥamdi rabbika ḥīna taqūm.
And be patient, [O Muḥammad], for the decision of your Lord, for indeed, you are in Our eyes [i.e., sight]. And exalt [Allāh] with praise of your Lord when you arise
وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡهُ وَإِدۡبَٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ ٤٩
Wa minal-layli fasabbiḥhu wa idbāran-nujūm.
And in a part of the night exalt Him and after [the setting of] the stars.
وَٱذۡكُرِ ٱسۡمَ رَبِّكَ بُكۡرَةٗ وَأَصِيلٗا ٢٥
Wadhkurisma rabbika bukrataw wa aṣīlā.
And mention the name of your Lord [in prayer] morning and evening
وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَٱسۡجُدۡ لَهُۥ وَسَبِّحۡهُ لَيۡلٗا طَوِيلًا ٢٦
Wa minal-layli fasjud lahū wa sabbiḥhu laylan ṭawīlā.
And during the night prostrate to Him and exalt [i.e., praise] Him a long [part of the] night.